Occasional papers - The Museum, Texas Tech University

PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Three publications of The Museum of Texas Tech Uni¬
versity are issued under the auspices of the Dean of the
Graduate School and Director of Academic Publications, and
in cooperation with the International Center for Arid and
Semi-Arid Land Studies. Short research studies are published
as Occasional Papers whereas longer contributions appear as
Special Publications. Pap>ers of practical application to col¬
lection management and museum operations are issued in
the Museology series. All are numbered separately and pub¬
lished on an irregular basis.

The preferred abbreviation for citing The Museum’s Occa¬
sional Papers is Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech Univ.

Institutional subscriptions are available through Texas
Tech Press, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409.
Institutional libraries interested in exchanging publications
should address the Exchange Librarian at Texas Tech L^ni-
versity. Individuals can purchase separate numbers of the
Occasional Papers for $1.00 each from Texas Tech Press.
Remittance in U.S. currency check, money order, or bank
draft must be enclosed with request (add $1.00 per title or
200 pages of publications requested for foreign postage; resi¬
dents of the state of Texas must pay a 5 per cent sales tax on
the total purchase price). Copies of the “Revised checklist of
North American mammals north of Mexico, 1979’’ (Jones et
al., 1979, Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 62:1-17) are
available at 60 cents each in orders of 10 or more.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS
THE MUSEUM

MUS. COM™ ZOO»-
L.»r» ■? /

SEP 2 3 1980

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TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

M MBER 68

19 SEPTEMBER 1980

NOTEWORTHY RECORDS OF BATS FROM BOLIVIA

Wm. David Webster and J. Knox Jones, Jr.

Bolivia, a land-locked country of approximately a million
square kilometers, lies immediately north of the Tropic of Caf)ri-
corn and has a varied physiography, including high mountains
and the Altiplano in the west, low altitude (less than 300 meters)
tropical forest in the north and northeast, and the savannas and
swamps of the Cihaco in the east and southeast. Between the
mountains and the eastern lowlands lie the alternating ridges and
intermontane valleys of the eastern Andean slope, which form the
watersheds of the Beni and Mamore rivers.

Despite the vastness and varied environments of Bolivia, little
mamrnalogical research has been carried out there. Most records
of bats from the country are found in systematic revisions, the
only comprehensive checklist being that of Cabrera (1958), which
treats all of South America. More recently, a synopsis ol the fam¬
ily Phyl lostomidae was provided by Jones and Carter (1976).
and in the same volume Koopman (1976) listed some new records
from Bolivia of species in that family.

In the summers of 1978 and 1979, one of us (Webster) collected
more than 500 bats in the upper Rio Beni drainage system ol
northwestern Bolivia. Seven species reported herein are unre¬
corded previously from that cc:)untry. .Sexeral other records of taxa
are included in order to provide representative measurements of
Bolivian specimens or to clarify their taxonomic status. .-Ml mea¬
surements are recorded in millimeters and all weights aie in
grams; length of forearm includes the wrist. Reproductive data are
included to augment those summarized by Wilson (1979). .\11

2

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

specimens are deposited in The Museum, Texas Tech University,
or The Museum, Michigan State University.

Bats were collected from four localities along the Amazonian
slope of the Andes in the Departamento de La Paz. Tomonoco (2
km. W Puerto Linares, ca. 350 m.) is a small military outpost,
enveloped by virgin tropical forest, adjacent to the Rio Beni. The
surrounding knolls support broadleaf evergreen bushes, a contin¬
uous lower canopy, and a broken upper canopy. Serrania Bella-
vista (35 km. N Caranavi, ca. 1650 m.) is a tea plantation, along
with banana, citrus, and cacao orchards, that is encircled by tropi¬
cal cloud forest. Caranavi (606 m.) is a town of approximately
1000 inhabitants in the Andean foothills and is adjacent to the
Rio Coroico. It is surrounded by banana, citrus, and mango
orchards, and disturbed areas of secondary growth. Sacramento
Alto (8 km. N. Chuspipata, ca. 2blb m.) is an abandoned highway
camp that is surrounded immediately by eucalyptus and cypress
trees and then by steep slopes of humid subtropical forest. Cara¬
navi and Puerto Linares appear on modern maps of Bolivia;
Sacramento Alto is located approximately at latitude 16°15'S and
longitude 67°50'W.

Appreciation is extended to J. Van Remsen, Jr., of Louisiana
State University, who collected bats at Serrania Bellavista and
Sacramento Alta, and to personnel from the University of North
Carolina at Wilmington, who assisted in field work at Tomonoco.
Financial support was received from The Museum, Michigan
State University (1978-1979), and The Museum, Texas Tech Flni-
versity (1979).

Accounts of Species

Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820). — One male from
Tomonoco constitutes the first record of this Amazonian lowland
species from Bolivia, although it has been reported previously
from as far south as Brazil and Peru. Our specimen was netted
over a sand and boulder floodplain of the Rio Beni on 28 July.
The testes measured 3 by 2.

Choeroniscus minor (Peters, 1868).— A male from Tomonoco
provides the first record of a bat of this genus from Bolivia. Our
specimen (testes 2 by 2) was netted over a recently-bulldozed path
in disturbed evergreen forest on 17 July. It is tentatively referred
to as C. minor, which has been reported in South America from
as far south as Brazil and Peru. Selected measurements are: length

WF.BSI'KR AND JONF.S— BAIS FROM BOl.U IA

3

ot forearm, 35.1; greatest length of skull, 22.0; length of maxillary
toothrow, 7.4.

Rhinophylla pumilio Peters, 1865. — Phis common Amazonian
lowland species is known from tlnoughoul much of northern
South America, but has not been recorded previously from Boliv¬
ia. At 1 omonoco, we netted 12 individuals in banana groves and
over a small stream in a dense evergreen forest in late July. No
reproductive activity was noted in seven females. Testes averaged

5.8 by 4 in five males. Selected measurements (average, with
extremes in parentheses) of the 12 adults are: total length, 50.8
(43-57): length of hind foot, 7.6 (6-9); length of ear from notch,

12.8 (11-14); length of forearm, 34.7 (32.3-36.7); greatest length of
skull, 19.3 (18.7-20.0); length of maxillary toothrow, 5.1 (4.9-5. 3).

Stumira magna de la Torre, 1966. — This large member of the
genus Sturnira has been recorded previously from the Amazonian
drainage in Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru (Jones and Carter,
1976; Koopman, 1978). An adult male, netted at Tomonoco on 19
July, is the initial record of this species from Bolivia. The testes
measured 7 by 4. Selected measurements are: length of forearm,
58.4; greatest length of skull, 29.4; length of maxillary toothrow,

7.5.

Surnira ludovici ludomci Anthony, 1924. — A total of four
females and five males from Tomonoco (two females), Serrania
Bellavista (a male), and Sacramento Alto (four males, two
females), are the first representatives of this hat to be reported
from Bolivia. Average length of forearm and weight (extremes in
parentheses) of six adults are 45.7 (44.9-46.6) and 21.7 (19.0-23.7),
respectively. One female collected on 3 August carried a fetus that
was 5 in crown-rump length.

Stumira erythromos ( I'schudi, 1844). — Four August-taken indi¬
viduals from Sacramento Alto constitute the first retord of this
species from Bolivia. I.ength of forearm (extremes in parentheses)
of three adult females and one adult male averaged 40.7 (38.8-
42.4). All females were pregnant (crown-rump lengths ol fetuses

14.5, 14, 10). The one male weighed 15.4.

The genus Sturnira is represented in Bolivia by at least lour
species. Sturnira magna is distinguished easily from the others by
its large size. Among the smaller S. ludovici, S. liliurn, and S. ery¬
thromos, lingual cusps on the lower molars are prominent in
lilium, but absent in ludovici and erythromos. The latter two spe-

4

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

cies can be recognized on the basis of size (see measurements and
weights).

Chiroderma trinitatum trinitatum Goodwin, 1958. — Koopman
(1976) reported this lowland species from three localities in north¬
ern Beni. We collected five adults at Tomonoco that provide the
southernmost record for this bat. No reproductive activity was
noted in three July-taken females. Selected measurements (average,
with extremes in parentheses) of three females and two males are:
length of forearm, 41.6 (39.7-43.2); greatest length of skull, 23.3
(22.9-23.5); length of maxillary toothrow, 7.8 (7. 7-8.0).

Mesophylla macconnelli macconnelli Thomas, 1901. — This
widespread Amazonian species also was recorded by Koopman
(1976) from northern Beni. In late July, we collected eight adults
at Tomonoco, which locality represents the southernmost known
distribution of this species. One female had a fetus with a crown-
rump length of 6; testes of four adult males average 3 by 2.3.
Selected measurements (average, with extremes in parentheses) of
four females and four males are; length of forearm, 31.6 (30.4-
32.7); greatest length of skull, 18.5 (18.3-18.8); length of maxillary
toothrow, 6.3 (6.1-6. 4).

Artibeus anderseni Osgood, 1916. — Six specimens of small Arti-
beus representing two species were collected at Tomonoco in late
July. These are referable to A. anderseni and Artibeus cinereus
pumilio on the basis of meristic and morphological differences
(see Koopman, 1978). A. anderseni lacks a third lower molar and
has a short rostrum and an abrupt forehead; A. c. pumilio pos¬
sesses a small third lower molar and has a less abruptly rising
forehead and a longer rostrum. In addition, specimens in our
sample of A anderseni are conspicuously smaller than those
representing A. c. pumilio.

Selected external and cranial measurements of an adult male
and female of A anderseni are, respectively: length of forearm,
37.2, 37.4; greatest length of skull, 19.3, 19.1; length of maxillary
toothrow, 6.2, 5.9. Averages of the same measurements (extremes
in parentheses) of four adult A. c. pumilio (three females and one
male) are; 40.2 (39.7-40.6); 20.5 (20.1-20.6); 6.6 (6.5-6. 7).

Artibeus fuliginosus Gray, 1838.— We collected three large spe¬
cies of the genus Artibeus in northern Bolivia. The largest of
these, Artibeus lituratus lituratus, has prominent facial stripes and
a conspicuous supraorbital shield, but lacks a third upper molar
and frosting on the abdominal pelage. The other two species are

WEBSI ER AND JONES— BA ES EROM B()E1\ E\

Fable E — Some external and cranial characteristics of three species of lar^e Aiii-

bfiLS from Bolivia.

Ctiarat tfi isiii

.^. liluratu.s

? . Dd' )

.1. piniiirostris

(89. Id)

./. fulii'nioMt.s

(.79. lid')

l.t njjili ol lorcanii

71.1 (68.6-71.7)

61.6 (60.2-67.2)

,79.8 (77.7-61.6)

(iicaicsi U iistli ol skull

S2.3 (31..'i-.H.S.2)

.80.8 (29.9-81.7)

27.9 (27.1-28.9)

ZNSomalu breadth

19. 1 (18.2-20. 1)

18.7 (17.8-19..'))

16.7 (17.8-17.2)

Maxillais tooihiow

1 1.2(10.8-11.7)

11.0(10.6-11.8)

9.8 (9. 1-10.2)

Length ol ilots.il lilt

7-9

7-10

8-12

Colot ol tragus

yellow tipped

l)t()\Vt)

dai k blown to hlai kish

Coloi ol dotsuiii

reddish hrowii

giavish hiou ii

ilaik brown to blaikisb

Coloi ol shoiildei

palei than dorsum

It (xs tell

about same as dot sum

E\e strtpes

usu.ilh laiut

usualls absent

t hird upper molai

absent

prescm

smaller, lack prominent facial stripes and a distinct supraorbital
shield, but possesses the third upper molar and a frosted venter;
these two are distinguishable by size and coloration of pelage.
The smaller of the two is dark brown to blackish dorsal ly, where¬
as the larger is generally grayish brown.

Tuttle (1970) recorded three large species of Artibeus from Peru,
allocating these to A. lituratus, A. jarnaicensis, and “A. species.”
Jones and Carter (1976) listed A. 1. lituratus and A. j. plauirostris
from Bolivia, in addition to ‘‘an undescribed species from Amazo¬
nian Ecuador, Peru, and adjacent areas.” Koopman (1978) subse-
cjuently concluded that the long-named A. juliginosus was in fact
the ‘‘undescribed” Amazonian species. He also found that Peru¬
vian specimens of A. planirostris were distinct from A. jamaiceu-
sis of northern South America. Following Koopman, we refer the
small blackish brown species to A. juliginosus and the medium¬
sized grayish brown species to A. planirostris. Diagnostic charac¬
ters for three species of large Artibeus from Tomonoco and Cara-
navi are in Fable 1.

Enchisthenes hartii (Fhomas, 1892). — An adidt male Irom
Fomonoco is the first specimen of this s|)ecies to be re})orted from
Bolivia. It was netted over a small creek in dense evergreen fotest
on 2 August. Fhe testes measured 8 by 5. Selet tt'd nu'asurements
are: length of forearm, 10.8: greatest length of skull, 21.1; length
of maxillary toothrow, 6.3.

Literature Cited

Cabrera, A. 1958. Catalogo cle los mainifcros dc .Aincrita del .Sui. R(\. Mus.

■Argentiiio Cien. Nat. "Bemardiiio Rivadavia,” Cit'ii. ZooE. 1-807.
Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. C. Charter. 1976. .Annotated dietklist, with kevs to
subfamilies and genera. Pi). 7-38, in Biologv of bats ol the .New World

6

OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

family Phyllostomatidae. Part I (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C.
Charter, eds.). Spec. Publ. Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 10:1-218.

Koopman, K. E. 1976. Zoogeography. Pp. 39-47, in Biology of hats of the New
VV'orld family Phyllostomatidae. Part I (R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and
D. C. Carter, eds.). Spec. Puhl. Mus., Eexas Tech Univ., 10:1-218.

- . 1978. Zoogeography of Peruvian hats wdth special emphasis on the role

of the Andes. Amer. Mus. Novit., 2651:1-33.

Tuttle, M. D. 1970. Distribution and zoogeography of Peruvian bats, with
comments on natural history. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 49:45-86.

Wilson, D. E. 1979. Reproductive patterns. Pp. 317-378, in Biology of bats of
the New World family Phyllostomatidae. Part III (R. J. Baker, J. K.
Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter, eds.), Spec. Publ. Mus., Texas Tech Univ.,
16:1-441.

Address of authors: The Museum and Department of Biological Sciences, Texas
Tech University, Lubbock, 79409. Received 12 February, accepted 8 April 1980.

ISSN 0149-175X

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PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

Three publications of The Museum of Texas Tech Flni-
versity are issued under the auspices of the Dean of the
Graduate School and Director of Academic Publications, and
in cooperation with the International Center for Arid and
Semi-Arid Land Studies. Short research studies are published
as Occasional Papers whereas longer contributions appear as
Special Publications. Papers of practical application to col¬
lection management and museum operations are issued in
the Museology series. All are numbered separately and pub¬
lished on an irregular basis.

The preferred abbreviation for citing The Museum’s Occa¬
sional Papers is Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech lhii\'.

Institutional subscriptions are available through Texas
Tech Press, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409.
Institutional libraries interested in excbanging publications
should address the Exchange Librarian at Texas Tech Fhii-
versity. Individuals can purchase separate numbers of the
Occasional Papers for $1.00 each from Texas Tech Press.
Remittance in 11. S. currency check, money order, or bank
draft must be enclosed with request (add $1.00 per title or
200 pages of publications requested for foreign postage; resi¬
dents of the state of Texas must pay a 5 per cent sales tax on
the total purchase price). Copies of the “Revised checklist of
North American mammals north of Mexico, 1979’’ (Jones et
al., 1979, Occas. Papers Mus., Texas Tech Univ., 62:1-17) are
available at 60 cents each in orders of 10 or more.

tx 7 TGW

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

UCT 6 1980

THE MUSEUM

‘-‘JNIVERSiT-y

TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY

M MBER 69

3 OCTOBER 1980

TWO NEW HADRUROIDES POCOCK, FROM PERU
(SCORPIONES, VAEJOVIDAE)

Oscar F. Francke and Michael E. Soleglad

The scorpion family V^aejovidae Thorcll until recently was
thought to be represented by four genera in the Neotropical
region (Mello-Leitao, 1945; Stahnke, 1974). However, the mono-
typic genus Physoctonus Mello-Leitao, from Brasil is a junior
synonym of the buthid Rhopalurus Thorell (Francke, 1977), and
Uroctonoides Chamberlin, from Ecuador is a junior synonym of
the chactid Teuthraustes Simon (Soleglad, 1973). The monotypic
genus Metascorpiops Toledo, recently described from Brasil
(Toledo, 1972), appears to have been placed intorrectly in the
X'aejovidae. The largely inadequate description suggests that it is
based on a scorpionid of the subfamily Ischnurinae (pedipalp
chela finger distally with two rows of granules fusing on basal
one-half), and probably will prove to be a junior synonym of
Opisthacanthus Peters. In the Netitropical region, therefore, the
Vaejovidae is restricted now to the subfamily C^araboc toninae
Kraepelin with two genera, Carahoctcmus Potixk, monotypi(
from central Cihile, and Hadruroides Pocotk, polyiypit Irom
Ecuador and Peru. In a recent revision of the genus Hadruroides,
Maury (1975) included Colombia (although he (piesiioned the
occurrence of Hadruroides there), Cdiile, and Bolivia within its
distribution but listed no specimens examined from the first two
countries. The specimen from Bolivia probably is mislabelled. We
examined approximately 450 specimens from various collections,
and none came from countries other than Ecuador (including the
Galapagos Islands) and Peru.